Erythrophylloporus paucicarpus
Erythrophylloporus paucicarpus Raspé, Vadthanarat & Lumyong
MycoBank Number: 823605, Index Fungorum: IF 823605
Basidiomata stipitate-pileate with lamellate hymenophore, small to medium-sized. Pileus 2.3–5.5 cm in diameter, plano-convex with involute margin at first becoming almost plane to slightly depressed with inflexed to straight margin, irregularly and coarsely crenate in age, sometimes with low and broad umbo and a few to several verrucae, especially when young; surface more or less even, tomentose, dull, slightly moist, colour distribution patchy with red to brownish-orange (9B8 to 9C8), brownish-red (10E8 to 10D8) becoming orange-red to orange (8B/C8 to 6B7) at the margin when old, abruptly paler at the margin. Pileus context 3–4 mm thick half-way to the margin, tough, colour distribution even, yellow (3A6) to yellowish-orange (4A5), slowly reddening when exposed, especially at the centre and above lamellae. Stipe 2.4–4.5 × 0.7–1.3 cm, central or sometimes slightly eccentric, clavate with strigose base, straight to curved, terete, even, dull, dry, tomentose, yellowish-orange (4–5A7–8) to orange (6–7A7–8) with orange to yellowish-orange (7B/C7–8 to 4A7–8) coarse scales, with bright yellow (2A6–7) basal mycelium. Stipe context solid, fleshy fibrous, yellow marbled with olivaceous brown (4D5, 5D5). Hymenophore lamellate; lamellae decurrent, close, thick, 40–42 lamellae, with 4–6 different lengths of lamellullae, 2–4.5 mm wide half-way to margin, somewhat anastomosing, especially near the stipe, yellowish-orange (4-5A6-7) with orange to red tinge, slightly reddening when bruised. Odour rubbery; Taste not recorded. Spore print olive-brown (4E7). Macrochemical reactions. KOH on pileus and stipe surface deep red at first, then red-brown to brown, with pale orange aura on the pileus; brown on pileus context, dark red-brown on stipe context; brownish-orange on hymenophore. NH4OH on pileus first red, then orange; on pileus context bluing at first then with a greenish tinge; on stipe surface and context briefly bluing; no reaction on hymenophore.
Basidiospores [208/4/4] (5.9–)6.1–6.8–7.5(–8) × (4.1–)4.6–5.1–5.5(–6) µm, Q = (1.2–)1.23–1.33–1.48(–1.56); from the type (OR1151) (6–)6.3–6.8–7.5(–7.8) × (4.6–)4.8–5.2–5.5(–6) µm, Q = (1.2–)1.22–1.31–1.48(–1.56), N = 88, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth under light microscope and SEM, yellowish to pale brown in water, hyaline in 5% KOH, thin-walled, inamyloid. Basidia 4–spored, (37.8–)38–45.6–54.7(–54.8) × (6.2–)–6.3–8–9.5(–9.6) µm, narrowly clavate to subcylindrical, attenuated towards the base, clampless, hyaline to yellowish hyaline in water, Melzer’s reagent and 5% KOH; sterigmata up to 5.5 µm long. Cheilocystidia (35.4–)35.5–49.9–61.8(–61.9) × (3.9–)3.9–6–7.7(–7.7) µm, narrowly fusiform with obtuse apex, projecting up to 30 µm, thin-walled, smooth, yellowish hyaline in water, in 5% KOH and NH4OH, inamyloid. Pleurocystidia (66.9–)67.4–80.3–93.5(–94.7) × (8.8–)8.9–11.7–16.1(–16.2) µm, abundant, narrowly conical with obtuse, somewhat prolonged apex, projecting up to 32 µm, thin-walled, smooth, yellowish hyaline in water, in 5% KOH and NH4OH, arising more or less deeply in the subhymenium or from hymenophoral trama, inamyloid. Hymenophoral trama subregular near the pileus context becoming slightly divergent near the edge, 87–238 µm wide, widest near the pileus context then getting narrower when close to the edge, composed of clampless hyphae 4.5–8 µm wide, yellowish hyaline in water, hyaline in 5% KOH and NH4OH. Pileipellis a palisadoderm to trichoderm 83–165 µm thick, composed of slightly thick-walled, cylindrical hyphae, terminal cells 16–46 × 4–6.5 µm with rounded apex, hyaline or yellowish hyaline to yellowish-orange hyaline hyphae ornamented with scattered fine epiparietal encrustation when observed in water, hyaline to yellowish hyaline in 5% KOH and NH4OH, inamyloid. Pileus trama composed of slightly thick-walled, strongly interwoven hyphae, 4.5–8.5 µm wide, inamyloid. Stipitipellis a disrupted palisadoderm perpendicular to the stipe axis, 63–145 µm thick, composed of slightly thick-walled, slightly rough, cylindrical, yellow to yellowish-orange in water, yellowish hyaline hyphae in 5% KOH and NH4OH, terminal cells 13–57 × 3–8 µm, cylindrical to irregular hyphae with rounded to notched apex; wall covered by dispersed fine encrustations when observed in water. Caulocystidia not seen. Stipe trama composed of parallel hyphae, densely packed, 4–8.5 µm wide; hyphae wall covered by dispersed encrustations when observed in water. Clamp connections not seen in any tissue.
Habit and habitat: On soil, mostly solitary in dipterocarp forest dominated by Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, D. obtusifolius, Shorea obtusa, S. siamensis, Quercus spp. and Lithocarpus spp.
Known distribution: Currently known only from Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand.
Additional specimens examined: THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Muang District, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, 18°48'05"N–98°55'40"E, elev. 800 m, 17 May 2015, O. Raspé, OR0615A (CMUB, BKF, BR); Mae Taeng District, Baan Tapa, 19°08'29"N, 98°45'47"E, elev. 1035 m, 4 August 2015, O. Raspé & A. Thawthong, OR0689 (MFLU, BR); Mae On District, Huay Kaew, 18°52'12"N, 99°18'12"E, elev. 780 m, 15 August 2016, O. Raspé & S. Vadthanarat, OR1135 (CMUB, BR).
Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree inferred from the four-gene dataset (atp6, rpb2, tef1 and cox3), including Erythrophylloporus species and selected Boletaceae using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods (ML tree is presented). The two Buchwaldoboletus and nine Chalciporus species in subfamily Chalciporoideae were used as outgroup. Most of the taxa not belonging to the Pulveroboletus group were collapsed into subfamilies. All generic clades, including one undescribed generic clade in Pulveroboletus group that were highly supported, were also collapsed. Bootstrap support values (BS ≥ 70%) and posterior probabilities (PP ≥ 0.90) are shown above the supported branches.
Fig. 2 Habits of Thai Erythrophylloporus species A E. paucicarpus, B E. suthepensis. Scale bars: 1 cm.
Fig 3. Microscopic features of Erythrophylloporus paucicarpus A basidiospores, B basidia, C cheilocystidia, D pleurocystidia, E pileipellis, F stipitipellis. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–B); 50 µm (C–F). All drawings were made from the type (OR1151).
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